2013年12月全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試題型由寫作、聽力理解、閱讀理解和翻譯四個(gè)部分組成，其中閱讀理解占的比重最大為35%，但是題型較以往有所變化，原快速閱讀理解調(diào)整為長(zhǎng)篇閱讀理解，篇章長(zhǎng)度和難度不變，篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題，每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。為了幫助廣大考生盡快適應(yīng)這一新題型，在12月的全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中獲取高分，唯學(xué)網(wǎng)小編特別搜集不少改革后的新閱讀理解例題及專家解析，希望對(duì)考生們有所幫助。

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Beauty and Body Image in the Media

[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.

[B] Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure they’re all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women’s Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.

[C] The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.

[D ] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (瀉藥)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women’s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.”

[ E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹瀉)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.

[F ] Researchers report that women’s magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman’s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sack?，，)，and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.

[G] There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (才氐制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world’s biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women’s bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement.

[ H] Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women’s Magazines” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream women’s magazines from 1999 to 2004.

[I] The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women’s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these

stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry’s standards. Women learn to compare themselves to

other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.”

46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.

47. On the whole, for 6 years white women had been occupying much more space in mainstream women’s magazines since 1999.

48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.

49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.

50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines.

51. Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.

52. Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend.

53. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.

54. The Quebec magazine Coup (e Pouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.

55. According to some analysts, the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic profits.

專家解析：

46. [D]題干意為，《青少年》雜志上的一項(xiàng)報(bào)道稱，有50%到70%體重正常的女孩認(rèn)為自己需要減肥。注意抓 住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞magazine、50% to 70%和normal weight。文章段落中，《青少年》雜志以及百分比 50%到70%的內(nèi)容在[D]段出現(xiàn)，該段倒數(shù)第二句提到，《青少年》雜志報(bào)道稱，在6~12歲的女孩當(dāng)中，有 35%的人至少進(jìn)行過一次減肥，有50%~70%體重正常的女孩認(rèn)為自己超重。由此可知，題干是對(duì)該句部分 內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[D]。題干中的need to lose weight與原文中的is overweight對(duì)應(yīng)。

47. [H]。題干意為，總體而言，1999年以來白人女性連續(xù)六年占據(jù)了主流女性雜志的多數(shù)篇幅。注意抓住題 干中的關(guān)鍵詞for 6 years、white women和occupying much more space。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女 性雜志所占比例的內(nèi)容在[H]段出現(xiàn)，該段最后一句提到，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然1999~2004年間雜志中出現(xiàn) 的有色人種的女性形象在數(shù)量上有所增加，但是從整體來看，白人女性還是占據(jù)了主流女性雜志的多數(shù) 篇幅。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[H]。題干中的occupying much more space對(duì)應(yīng)原文 中的 overrepresented。

48. [C]。題干意為，女性身上存在的一些諸如抑郁和不健康的飲食習(xí)慣的負(fù)面影響與接觸年輕苗條的女性形 象有關(guān)。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞depression and unhealthy eating habits、being exposed to和thin and young bodies。文章段落中，[C]段提到了抑郁、不健康的飲食習(xí)慣以及接觸年輕苗條的女性形象的內(nèi)容，該段最 后一句提到，另一方面，研究表明，接觸這種年輕苗條、妝容美麗的女性形象與女性的抑郁、缺乏自信和 不健康的飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[C]。題干中的are related to對(duì)應(yīng) 原文中的 is linked to，being exposed to對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 exposure to。

49. [B]。題干意為，大眾媒體幫助促進(jìn)了化妝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)的發(fā)展。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞boosted和 the cosmetic and the diet industries。文章段落中，只有[B]段提到了化妝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)的發(fā)展，該段最 后一句提到，通過呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)難以達(dá)到和保持的理想身材，化妝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)必然能夠得到發(fā)展并獲 得利潤(rùn)，而其呈現(xiàn)方式就是通過大眾媒體。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[B]。

50. [F]。題干意為，報(bào)道稱超過四分之三的女性雜志封面至少包含了一條關(guān)于如何改變女性身材的方法。注 意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞at least one message和more than three-quarters。文章段落中，提到女性雜志封面提供 如何改變女性身材的的內(nèi)容在[F]段出現(xiàn)，該段首句提到，研究人員公布說，女性雜志上宣傳減肥的廣告 和文章所占的比重比男性雜志高10.5倍，超過四分之三的女性雜志封面至少包含了一條關(guān)于如何改變女 性身材的信息——諸如節(jié)食、運(yùn)動(dòng)或是整容手術(shù)。由此可知，題干對(duì)該句后半句內(nèi)容做了概括，故答案為 [F ]。題干中的 methods for women to change their bodily appearance 是對(duì)原文中 how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery洽勺相無才括。

51. [A]。題干意為，甚至有些影視女演員因?yàn)槌缘锰�少而在拍攝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)昏倒。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞film and television actresses和faint。文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演員以及暈倒的內(nèi)容，該段第三句提到，有些 女演員甚至因?yàn)槌缘锰�少而在拍攝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)昏倒。由此可見，題干對(duì)原文做了同義改寫，故答案為[A]。題干中 的 due to eating too little和原文中的 from lack of food對(duì)應(yīng)。

52. [I]。題干意為，對(duì)外表的過度關(guān)注使得改變這種不正常的風(fēng)氣變得不可能。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞too much concern和change such abnormal trend。文章段落中，提及對(duì)外表的過度關(guān)注的內(nèi)容在[I]段出現(xiàn)，該段 最后一句提到，這種對(duì)于美麗和性感的關(guān)注“事實(shí)上摧毀了任何可能有助于改變這種風(fēng)氣的意識(shí)和行動(dòng)”。 由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[I]。題干中的too much concern on appearance對(duì)應(yīng)原文中 的 focus on beauty and desirability。

53. [E]。題干意為，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)如果一個(gè)女人的身材比例和芭比娃娃一樣，那么她最終會(huì)死于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Barbie-doll proportions和die from malnutrition。文章段落中，只有[E]段提到了芭 比娃娃，該段第三句提到，如果一個(gè)女人的身材真是那樣(有著芭比娃娃的身材比例)的話，她將會(huì)患上慢 性腹瀉并最終死于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。由此可知，題干對(duì)原文做了同義改寫，故答案為[E]。

54. [G]。題干意為，幾年來魁北克雜志堅(jiān)持在其時(shí)尚頁(yè)面上刊登正常身材的女性形象，以抵制 這種潮流。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞The Quebec magazine Coup de 和consistently including fUll-sized women。文章段落中，提及魁北克雜志Coup de )ou(e堅(jiān)持刊登正常身材的女性形象的內(nèi)容在[G]段出現(xiàn)， 該段前兩句提到，雜志業(yè)有人正在努力抵制這種潮流。幾年來魁北克雜志Coup de )ou(e堅(jiān)持在其時(shí)尚頁(yè)面 上刊登正常身材的女性形象。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[G]。題干中的resists對(duì)應(yīng)原 文中的buck(抵制，反抗)。

55. [B]。題干意為，根據(jù)一些分析家的觀點(diǎn)，將美麗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)加到女性身上的根本原因是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。注意抓 住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞fundamental reason、standards of beauty和economic profits。文章段落中，論及將美麗的標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)加到女性身上的根本原因的內(nèi)容在[B]段出現(xiàn)，該段前兩句提到，為什么會(huì)把美麗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)加到女性 身上，而大多數(shù)女性生來就比模特要胖要成熟?一些分析家認(rèn)為，根源在于經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。由此可知，題干是對(duì) 原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[B]。題干中的fundamental reason和原文中的roots對(duì)應(yīng)。

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