21、One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

22、An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題；(2)第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定 一個最佳選項。

23、根據(jù)材料，完成23-31題。

Washoe Learned American Sign Language

1. An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and

around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.

2. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.

In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new

and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

3. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

4. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps.

5. Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure -- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.

Paragraph 1_____

A．Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This／Research Nowadays

B．Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language

C．GeneraI l nformation about Washoe

D．The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized

E．Debate on Chimps’Intelligence

F．Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps．

24、Paragraph 2_____

A．Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This／Research Nowadays

B．Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language

C．GeneraI l nformation about Washoe

D．The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized

E．Debate on Chimps’Intelligence

F．Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps．

25、Paragraph 3_____

A．Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This／Research Nowadays

B．Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language

C．GeneraI l nformation about Washoe

D．The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized

E．Debate on Chimps’Intelligence

F．Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps．

26、Paragraph 4______

A．Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This／Research Nowadays

B．Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language

C．GeneraI l nformation about Washoe

D．The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized

E．Debate on Chimps’Intelligence

F．Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps．

27、Washoe could make signs to communicate______

A．if the Gardeners’argument was sound

B．because she was cleverer than other chimps

C．when she wanted to eat

D．while she was at a research center in Ellensburg

E．because she could use sign language to ask for fruits

F．while Washoe was learning sign language

28、Some scientists doubted_____

A．if the Gardeners’argument was sound

B．because she was cleverer than other chimps

C．when she wanted to eat

D．while she was at a research center in Ellensburg

E．because she could use sign language to ask for fruits

F．while Washoe was learning sign language

29、Washoe taught younger chimps sign language_____

A．if the Gardeners’argument was sound

B．because she was cleverer than other chimps

C．when she wanted to eat

D．while she was at a research center in Ellensburg

E．because she could use sign language to ask for fruits

F．while Washoe was learning sign language

30、The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent______

A．if the Gardeners’argument was sound

B．because she was cleverer than other chimps

C．when she wanted to eat

D．while she was at a research center in Ellensburg

E．because she could use sign language to ask for fruits

F．while Washoe was learning sign language

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定l個最佳選項。

31、根據(jù)材料，完成31-36題。

Find Yourself Packing It on? Blame Friends

Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.

Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who were been closely followed for 32 from 1971 to 2003.

The investigators knew who were friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades.That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors?

The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a person's chances of becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight, however, and family members had less influence than friends.

It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained.

And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too.The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter.

Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others' perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad.

"You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you" , Dr. Christakis said.

The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years -- each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends.

Their analysis was unique, Dr. Christakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a person's friend's friends, or a spouse's sibling's friends, could have an

influence on a person's weight.

The effects; he said, "highlight the importance of a spreading process, a kind of social contagion, that spreads through the network. "

Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too.

Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person's weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. As

people have gotten fatter, it appears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why.

If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.