31. Frankfurt is referred to as aglobal citylike New York because of______________

[A] the foreign banks and businesses

[B] the number of foreigners in the city

[C] the 80,000 Muslims and mosques

[D] the refugees from former Yugoslavia

32. Quietly flows the Main River beneath that mock-New World skyline probably means that .

[A] The new central bank had a large inflow of funds

[B] The city life goes on quietly without racial conflicts

[C] The population moves quietly in the street of the city

[D] The foreigners come to the city like a flow of river

33. The word xenophobia probably means ____________ .

[A] fear of war [B] psychological nervousness

[C] hatred of foreigners [D] open, can-do spirit

34. With the end of the Cold War, Germany is expected to_____________ .

[A] remain under the umbrella of the U S

[B] assume a new national pride

[C] become the financial center of Europe

[D] have surges of rightist killings

35. The unique experiment of European Union requires Germany to_____________ .

[A] enter a post-national era

[B] return to the old proud Fatherland

[C] abandon sovereignty and government

[D] seek a shifting identity

Text 4

For many years, and discussion of reparations to compensate the descendants of African slaves for 246 years of bondage and another century of legalized discrimination was dismissed.

Opponents contend that the fledgling reparations movement overlooks many important facts. First, the assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims, as was the case when the US gov??ernment apologized and paid compensation to Japanese-Americans interned during the World War II. Similarly, Holocaust (大屠殺) survivors have received payments from the Germans. In addition, not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3 000 were slave owners.

Also, many immigrants not only came to the United States after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. Should they pay reparations, too?Or should they receive them?

And regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the United States' wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. As a group, Afro-Americans are the best-educat??ed, wealthiest blacks on the planet.

But that attitude is slowly changing. At least 10 cities, including Chicago, Detroit and Washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years urging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. Mainstream civil rights groups such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference regularly raise the issue.

The surging interest in reparable heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6 million Africans perished in the journey to the Americas alone. There also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty, that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole.

Earliest this year, Aetna Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated slave owners for financial losses when their slaves died. Last summer, the Hartford Courant in Connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. Next month, a new California law will require insurance companies to disclose any slave insurance policies they may have issued. The state also is requiring University of California officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current California businesses benefited.

Proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a century after emancipation, in 1865, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class.

36. The reasons put forward by opponents of reparations include all the following EXCEPT that .

[A] compensations usually go to direct victims

[B] blacks who came after slavery ended should not receive compensations

[C] blacks now are enjoying the wealth they created under slavery

[D] some blacks were slave owners instead of slaves

37. Immigrants in paragraph 3 refers to .

[A] Afro-Americans [B] non-white immigrants

[C] Japanese-Americans [D] holocaust survivors

38. That the reparations movement is winning support in America is shown in the fact that___ .

[A] federal hearings were held to investigate the impact of slavery

[B] even mainstream civil rights groups were persuaded

[C] growing attention is being paid to the wealth of the blacks

[D] there was more public awareness of the horrors of the whites

39. The two private companies that made public apology had_______________ .

[A]given slave owners financial losses

[B]sold slaves and captured runaways

[C]operated insurance and advertisement businesses

[D]depended on slavery for their existence

40. Which of the following is true according the passage?

[A] US government killed Japanese-Americans during World War II.

[B] A new Californian law disclosed slave-insurance policies.

[C] National Urban League is one of the civil right groups.

[D] Blacks faced no discrimination after liberation in 1865.