時間狀語從句

(1)when，as，while

a)when表示“當…時”。when引出的時間狀語從句，其中的動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動作的動詞，也可以是瞬間性動作動詞�？梢员硎局骶涞膭幼骱蛷木涞膭幼魍瑫r發(fā)生，或者從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前。

如：When you apply for a job,you must present your credentials.當你申請工作時，你必須遞交你的有關證件。(同時)

When the students heard the teache‘s footsteps,they all stopped talking. 當學生們聽到老師的腳步聲時，他們都停止了說話。(從句動作發(fā)生在前)

when還可以表示just then(正在那時)的意思，此時其引導的從句只放在主句之后。

如：we were about to start when it began to rain.我們正要動身，突然下起雨來。

b)while表示“在…期間”或“在某一段時間里”，其所引導的從句的動作是延續(xù)性的，并側重表示和主句動作的同時發(fā)生。

如：While the teacher paraphrased the text in English,the students listened attentively and took notes.當老師用英語闡釋課文時，同學們注意地聽并且做著筆記。

The door bell rang while I was watching TV.我正在看電視的時候門鈴響了。

while 還可以做并列連詞，相當于whereas，連接一個表示對比的并列分句。

如：Mary was dressed in blue while Jane was dressed in red.瑪麗穿藍色的衣服，而珍妮穿紅色的衣服。

c)as 表示“當…時”或“一邊…一邊”。他引導的時間狀語從句的動作也是延續(xù)性的，并且側重主句動作和從句動作的同時發(fā)生。

如：As the students walked to their dorms,they sang happily.學生們一邊往宿舍走，一邊快樂的唱著歌。

2002 年第23小題

(1)___ I knew him better ,I discovered that my impression had been right.

A which B as C until D unless

答案是B

(2)whenever，each time，every time任何時候;每當

如：Whenever/Every time/Each time I met her,she was studying.我每次看見她時，她總是在學習。

(3)since(自從)，ever since(從那時起一直到現(xiàn)在)

since，ever since 引導的從句通常用一般過去時，主句中的謂語動詞用完成時。

如：We have never met since we graduated from the college.我們自從大學畢業(yè)后就沒有見過面。

(4)before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)

before 引導的從句一般表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前，如從句是過去時，主句一般要用過去完成時。after引導的從句，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后，如主句是過去時，從句一般用過去完成時。

如：I had written my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.在導師出國之前，我已完成了我的學位論文。

After the boy had finished his homework,he played football with his friends.這個小男孩在完成作業(yè)后，和他的小伙伴們踢了一會球。

(5)till， until

如果主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，就常用肯定式表示“直到……為止”

如：He will remain in college until(till)he finished his Ph.D c course.他將留在學校里面直到完成他的博士學位課程。

如果主句的謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，就常用否定表示“直到……才”

如：I will not go with you until(till)I finish my homework.等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。

(6)as soon as，immediately，directly，once，the moment，no sooner…than，hardly…when等引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生了。即“一……就”。

如：As soon as we got home，the telephone rang.我們一到家，電話就響了。

注：no sooner…than， hardly…when引導的從句，主句中的動詞用過去完成時，從句用過去時。且no sooner， hardly位于句首，要倒裝主句的主謂。

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他一到家，就又要出另一次差。

No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another jouney.

2003年25小題

No sooner had he sat down to lunch ___there was a knock at the door .

A when B that C as D than

答案是D

地點狀語從句

引導地點狀語從句的連詞有：where (在……地方)，wherever (無論哪里)，everywhere (到處)，anywhere (任何地方)等。

如：Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

You can go wherever you like these days.這些天你可以去你想去的地方。

原因狀語從句

(1)because表示人們不知道的直接的原因或理由，著重點在從句，即because引出的從句為全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why提出的疑問，語氣最強，除了特別強調(diào)外，該從句一般位于主句后面。

since表示對方已知的、無須加以說明的既成事實的理由。全句的中心在主句上，語氣比because弱，譯為“既然”。引出的狀語從句一般放在句首。

as表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關系，著重點在主句，語氣更弱，常譯為“由于”。引出的狀語從句一般放在句首。

for 引出的分句，語氣最弱，主要是補充說明原因，解釋另外一個分句，且只能放在句子后部。

如：I didn‘t go abroad with her because I couldn‘t afford it.我沒有和她一起出國是因為費用太高。

Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane.既然乘飛機旅行快得多，他們就決定坐飛機。

As it is snowing,we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪，我們就不爬山了。

It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚準下雨了，地面是濕的。

(2)now that， seeing that， considering that， in that表示鑒于，由于。in that只能放在主句之后。

如：Now that you have passed your test,you can drive on your own.你駕駛考試既然已經(jīng)合格，就可以獨自開車了。

Seeing that the weather is bad,we‘ll stay at home.由于天氣不好，我們要呆在家了。

I am in a slightly awkward position,in that he‘s not arriving until 10th.我的處境有點難堪，因為他要十號才 來。

條件狀語從句

(1)if (如果)，unless(除非);unless相當于if not.

如：I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money. 如果我能存下足夠的錢，我就買臺電腦。

Unless the weather was bad,my father always used to take a walk in the evening.除非天氣不好，我的父親晚上總是去散步。

(2)suppose/supposing that,provided/providing that(假如)

如：Supposing that it rains,can we play the match indoors?要是下雨，我們在室內(nèi)比賽行嗎?

Iwill agree to go provided that my expenses are paid.假如為我負擔費用，我就同意去。

讓步狀語從句

although，though引導讓步狀語從句，主句不能用 “but”。

如：Although they lack official support,they continue their struggle.他們雖然沒有得到官方的支持，但仍然繼續(xù)奮斗。

as雖然，盡管。引導讓步狀語，常放在作表語、狀語的形容詞、名詞、副詞后面。

如：Strong as you may be,you can not lift it. 盡管你可能很有力氣，你卻無法把他提起來。

Hard as he tried,he was unable to make much progress.他雖然竭盡全力，但是沒有取得多大的進步。

目的狀語從句

so that， in order that 。 引導目的狀語從句，從句的謂語常用can，could，may，might，shall，should，will， would等情態(tài)動詞。in order that可以位于主句的前面或后面。so that引導的從句只能放在主句之后。

如：They started early so that they might arrive in time.他們早點動身，以便準時到達。

In order that they could go around West Lake,they stopped at Hangzhou.為了游覽西湖，他們在杭州停了下來。

結果狀語從句

(1)so …that;such…that表示“如此……以至于”

so 后面通常接形容詞或副詞。such后面通常為名詞。如果名詞前有many，much等修飾，要用so…that...

such+a/an+adj+單數(shù)名詞+that可以換成so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that

如：There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later.現(xiàn)在剩下的時間不多了，我只只好以后再給你講這事。

He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.

He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.

2003年第17小題：

It was ____that a hundred people looked lost in it .

A so a large room B a so large room C such a large room D such large a room

(2)so that“以至于，所以”。引導的結果狀語從句之前可以有逗號。

如：She phoned me on arrival so that I knew she was safe and sound.她到達之后給我打了電話，我知道她平安無恙。

注：so that可以引導結果狀語從句也可以引導目的狀語從句，除了根據(jù)句意來判斷外，還可以根據(jù)結構形式來判斷。若從句前有逗號，一般為結果狀語從句。如果從句中有情態(tài)動 詞，一般則為目的狀語從句。

如：They started out early,so that they did not miss the train.他們早早出發(fā)了，所以沒有誤了火車。(結果狀語)

They started out early so that they would not miss the train.他們早早出發(fā)是為了不誤火車。(目的狀語)

方式狀語從句

(1)as(正如)引導方式狀語從句

如：She enjoys all kinds of music,as I do.她各種音樂都喜愛，和我一樣。

Why didn‘t you catch the last bus as I told you to?你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢?

注：口語中l(wèi)ike可以用作連詞，當作as 使用。

如：Nobody understands him like /as I do. 沒有人能像我這樣理解他。

(2)as if/though(好像)引導方式狀語從句往往用虛擬，表示與事實相反。

如：They looked at me as if /as though I were mad.他們看著我好像我發(fā)瘋了似的。

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