Section C

Mountain climbing is becoming a popular sport, but it is also a potentially dangerous one. People can fall. They may also become ill. One of the most common dangers to climbers is altitude sickness, which can affect even very experienced climbers. Altitude sickness usually begins when a climber goes above 8,000 to 9,000 feet. The higher one climbs, the less oxygen there is in the air. When people don’t get enough oxygen, they often begin to gasp for air. They may also feel dizzy and light-headed. Besides these symptoms of altitude sickness, others such as headache and fatigue may also occur. At heights of over 18,000 feet, people may be climbing in a constant daze. Their state of mind can have adverse affect on their judgment. A few precautions can help most climbers avoid altitude sickness. The first is not to go too high, too fast. If you climb to 10,000 feet, stay at that height for a day or two. Your body needs to get used to a high altitude before you climb to a even higher one. Or if you do climb higher sooner, come back down to a lower height when you sleep. Also, drink plenty of liquids and avoid tobacco and alcohol. When you reach your top height, do like activities rather than sleep too much. You breathe less when you sleep, so you get less oxygen. The most important warning is this: if you have severe symptoms, then don’t go away, go down. Don’t risk injury or death because of over-confidence or lack of knowledge.

36. potentially

37. experienced

38. gasp

39. dizzy

40. fatigue

41. constant

42. adverse

43. precautions

44. Your body needs to get used to a high altitude before you climb to a even higher one.

45. When you reach your top height, do like activities rather than sleep too much.

46. Don’t risk injury or death because of over-confidence or lack of knowledge.

【點(diǎn)評】

本文是有關(guān)高原病的，主要講述了高原病的癥狀以及預(yù)防措施。文章本身長難句不多，但出現(xiàn)了較多偏難單詞，考驗學(xué)生的臨場心態(tài)。

需填單詞難度較大，如dizzy，fatigue，adverse，altitude等，對學(xué)生的詞匯量要求頗高。

空格整體分布較為均勻，填寫時間比較充足。所填詞語格式比較重要，如-s等是不可漏過的細(xì)節(jié)。需填寫的句子均較短，難度不是特別大。

深度閱讀_SA：

47. others

解析：關(guān)鍵詞 evaluate ourselves

迅速定位到 第一段第一句話 所以答案是 others

48. similar to peers

解析：關(guān)鍵詞 adolescence

迅速定位到 第一段中間 所以答案是 similar to peers.

49. a good listener

解析：關(guān)鍵詞 self- awareness

迅速定位到 第二段第一句 所以答案是a good listener

50. They seek professional help

解析：關(guān)鍵詞 unacceptable to family or friends

迅速定位到 第二段第七行 所以答案是They can seek professional help.

51. a normal reaction

解析：關(guān)鍵詞 Counselors 和assure

迅速定位到 第二段倒數(shù)第三行 所以答案是a normal reaction

深度閱讀SB_1

Amid all the job losses of the Great Recession, there is one category of worker that the economic disruption has been good for: nonhumans.

From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal carcasses in slaughter-houses, these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.

Automation isn’t just affecting factory workers, either. Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly paid human lawyers.

“Robots continue to have an impact on blue-collar jobs, and white-collar jobs are under attack by microprocessors,” says Edward Leamer, an economics professor at UCLA’s Anderson School of Management and director of the UCLA Anderson Forecast, a survey of the U.S. and California economies. Leamer says the recession permanently wiped out 2.5 million jobs. U.S. gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels, meaning we’re producing as much as before, only with 6 percent fewer workers. To be sure, robotics are not the only job killers out there, with outsourcing stealing far more gigs than automation.

Jeff Burnstein, president of the Robotics Industry Association, a trade group in Ann Arbor, Mich., argues that robots actually save U.S. jobs. His logic: companies that embrace automation might use fewer workers, but that’s still better than firing everyone and moving the work overseas.

It’s not that robots are cheaper than humans, though often they are. It’s that they are better. “In some cases the quality requirements are so stringent that even if you wanted to have a human do the job, you couldn’t,” Burnstein says.

Same goes for surgeons, who are using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations—not because the machines save money but because, thanks to the greater precision of robots, the patients recover in less time and have fewer complications, says Dr. Myriam Curet.

Surgeons may survive the robot invasion, but others at the hospital might not be so lucky, as iRobot, maker of the Roomba, a robot vacuum cleaner, has been showing off Ava, a three-foot-tall droid on wheels that carries a tablet computer. iRobot reckons Ava could be used as a courier in a hospital. And once you’re home, recovering, Ava could let you talk to your doctor, so there’s no need to send someone to your house. That “mobile telepresence” could be useful at the office. If you’re away on a trip, you can still attend a meeting. Just connect via videoconferencing software, so your face appears on Ava’s screen.

Is any job safe? I was hoping to say “journalist,” but researchers are already developing algorithms that can gather facts and write a news story. Which means that a few years from now, a robot could be writing this column. And who will read it? Well, there might be a lot of us hanging around with lots of free time on our hands.

52. What do we learn from the first few paragraphs?

答案：The robotic industry has benefited from the economic recession.

53. What caused the greatest loss of jobs in America?

答案：Moving production to other countries.

54. What does Jeff Burnstein say about robots?

答案：They compete with human workers.

55. What are robotic systems replacing surgeons in more and more operations according to Dr. Myriam Curet?

答案：They beat humans in precision.

56. What does the author imply about robotics?

答案：It will be applied in any field imaginable.

【解析】這是一篇討論機(jī)器人取代人類的科技說明文，話題是考生比較熟悉的科技類文章。文中指出在大蕭條時期眾多失業(yè)的情況下，有一類工人卻受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)混亂：機(jī)器人。機(jī)器人和業(yè)務(wù)外包比自動化分流了更多的崗位。但是專家指出，并不是因為機(jī)器人比人廉價，而是它們比人類更優(yōu)秀。在很多具體工作上，人類無法做到像機(jī)器人那樣精確。文章最后一段探討還有那些崗位能免于機(jī)器人取代的危機(jī)，作者本以為記者行業(yè)可以，但是結(jié)果卻不是這樣，幾乎所有崗位都面臨這種趨勢，從而緊扣文章原文題目和主題：Who Needs Humans?人類還有何用?

本文選材雖然是科技相關(guān)，但是詞匯都比較簡單，沒有太偏的詞匯。而這幾道題相比而言，難度又低了不少，很多選項直接可以通過對比原文排除，如54題談到對機(jī)器人的看法，其中B選項說機(jī)器人比人類工作更省錢更便宜，而文中已經(jīng)特別清晰的表明立場，It’s not that …此外，詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)也能幫助大家準(zhǔn)備做對題目，如第52題的答案中benefit from就對應(yīng)了原文中的be good for，所以很快很輕松的就選出來了。因此考生只要明確文中幾個人物各自的觀點(diǎn)，勾畫好關(guān)鍵詞，整體上來講，5道題都做對基本可以做到的。

深度閱讀SB_2

You've now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets to Beijing: the Chinese need to spend more; they need to consume more; they need — believe it or not — to become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy.

And it's all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.

In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. It is partly for policy reasons. As we've seen, wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but also their aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest(脆弱的) of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence(謹(jǐn)慎)for centuries. There is no chance that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.

Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality(節(jié)儉)? Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a country's long-term financial health. High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth. In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.

The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. Peter Orszag, Obama's Budget Director, recently called the U.S. budget deficits unsustainable and he's right. To date, the U.S. has seemed unable to have what Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels has called an "adult conversation" about the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. And though Hu Jintao and the rest of the Chinese leadership aren't inclined to lecture visiting Presidents, he might gently hint that Beijing is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollar — which has fallen 15% since March, in large part because of increasing fears that America's debt load is becoming unmanageable.

That's what happens when you're the world's biggest creditor: you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked. (Every time any official in Beijing deliberately publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.) If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldn't have to worry about all that.

【點(diǎn)評】

本文講述了在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下，美國人要向中國人學(xué)習(xí)勤儉，學(xué)會儲蓄。為什么這樣做呢?文章中指出良好的儲蓄率能夠推動經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。但即使美國家庭開始儲蓄更多，如果政府常年赤字的話，對美國來說還是“反儲蓄”的。所以文章的目的是敦促美國政府降低赤字，并在文末再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅持向中國學(xué)習(xí)存多花少，

57. How did the economic crisis affect Americans?

They had to tighten their belts.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從原文第二段最后一句話“the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets”可見，經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)使得美國民眾關(guān)緊錢包，即少花錢，也就是答案中tighten their belts(勒緊腰帶，節(jié)省開支)的意思。所以正確答案為A。

58. What should be done to encourage Chinese people to consume?

Improving China’s social security system.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從原文中的“even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending”可見，如要鼓勵中國人消費(fèi)更多，這需要提高社會安全系統(tǒng)。

59. What does the author mean by saying “savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest” (Line 4, Para. 4)?

A healthy savings rate promotes economic prosperity.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干提示，定位至第四段最后一句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話是前面幾句話的概括，那根據(jù)前面“High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth.”可知，高儲蓄率能夠促進(jìn)投資，進(jìn)而促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率、創(chuàng)新和崗位增長，即促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。所以正確答案為D。

60. In what circumstances do currency traders become scared?

When Beijing mentions in public the huge debts America owes China.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從原文中的“Every time any official in Beijing deliberately publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.”可知，每當(dāng)中國政府公開提到美國欠我國的大量債務(wù)，貨幣交易員們就擔(dān)驚受怕。因為本段一開始提到作為最大的債權(quán)國，財政上的漏洞會造成經(jīng)濟(jì)的混亂。所以正確答案為D。

61. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

To urge the American government to cut defictis.

【解析】主旨題�？v觀全文，作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)美國應(yīng)該向中國學(xué)習(xí)勤儉，文中第五段的第一句話“By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more.”也給到我們提示，既然長期運(yùn)行赤字是不利于儲蓄的，那美國政府應(yīng)該做的是降低赤字。所以正確答案是A。

完形填空：

The shorter growing seasons expected with climate change over the next 40 years will endanger hundreds of millions of already poor people in the global tropics, say researchers working 62 the world's leading agricultural organisations.

The effects of climate change are likely to be seen across the entire tropical 63 but many areas previously considered to be 64 food secure are likely to become highly 65 to droughts, extreme weather and higher temperatures, say the 66 with the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.

Intensively farmed areas 67 northeast Brazil and Mexico are likely to see their 68 growing seasons fall below 120 days, which is 69 for crops such as corn to mature. Many other places in Latin America are likely to 70 temperatures that are too hot for bean 71 , a staple in the region.

The impact could be 72 most in India and southeast Asia. More than 300 million people in south Asia are likely to be affected even with a 5% decrease in the 73 of the growing season.

Higher peak temperatures are also expected to take a heavy 74 on food producers. Today there are 56 million crop-dependent people in parts of west Africa and India who live in areas where, in 40 years, maximum daily temperatures could be higher than 30C. This is 75 to the maximum temperature that beans can tolerate, 76 corn and rice yields suffer when temperatures 77 this level.

"We are starting to see much more clearly 78 the effects of climate change on agriculture could 79 hunger and poverty," said research leader Patti Kristjanson. "Farmers already adapt 80 variable weather by changing their planting schedules. What this study suggests is that the speed of climate 81 and the magnitude of the changes required to adapt could be much greater. "

【答案】

62. with

63. zone

64. relatively

65. vulnerable

66. researchers

67. like

68. prime

69. critical

70. experience

71. production

72. felt

73. length

74. toll

75. close

76. while

77. exceed

78. where

79. intensify

80. to

81. shifts

【總評】

完形填空原文選自英國的《衛(wèi)報》(Guardian)，原文題目為Climate change in tropics poses food threat to poor。本文主要講述的是全球氣候變化給貧窮地區(qū)帶來的食物緊缺問題，本文采用的是新聞典型的倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)，開頭點(diǎn)出整篇文章的核心點(diǎn)，即成長季節(jié)縮短會導(dǎo)致食物緊缺。第二段講述影響范圍，三、四兩段舉例說明，第五段指出對食物生產(chǎn)者的影響，而第六段則采用直接引用方式給出評論。

翻譯B

82.Through years of hard work, they_______________(已經(jīng)把那片荒地變成了肥沃的農(nóng)田).

83.It was long since I last saw her, and if she had not greeted me first_____________(我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出她來).

84.Our defense at the court hearing finally___________________(使法官確信我們是清白的).

85._________________(你可以放心)we will fulfill our task ahead of time.

86.Man should live in harmony with nature, and____________________(試圖征服它是不明智的).

翻譯答案及解析

82. have turned the waste land into fertile farm land.

【解析】本題考查完成時態(tài)固定短語用法。“把……變成”為”turn …into…”.另外“荒地”的表達(dá)”waste land, barren land, uncultivated land”;“農(nóng)田”為”farm land, cropland, cultivated land”。

83. I would not have recognized her

【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。if引導(dǎo)的條件句時態(tài)為過去完成時，那么主句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“would not have done“。“認(rèn)出某人”一般用”recognize sb.”

84. convinced the judge that we were blameless

【解析】本題考查固定表達(dá)及時態(tài)一致。“讓某人確信某事”有多種表達(dá)”convince sb. that…”;”make sb. sure that…”，”blameless”意思為“清白的;無可責(zé)備的;無過失的”;另外據(jù)句意可判定主句謂語為過去時，因此that 引導(dǎo)的從句與主句時態(tài)要保持一致。

85.You can count on us

【解析】本題考查固定表達(dá)。”count on sb.”“指望、依靠某人”意即“某人可以放心”。

86.it is unwise to attempt to conquer it

【解析】本題考查形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)及短語用法“做什么是不明智的”為”it is unwise to do sth.”。“試圖做某事”為”attempt to do sth. ;try doing sth.”

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