36、根據(jù)材料，回答36-41問(wèn)題。

Star Quality

A new and-cheating system for counting the judges' scores in ice skating is flawed,according to leading sports specialists．Ice skating's governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced．Initially the judges in the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair, even though they had a fall during their routine．But the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to vote for the Russians．The International Olympics Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up (亞軍).

The ISU, skating's governing body, now says it intends to change the rules．In future 14 judges will judge each event, but only 7 of their scores -- selected at random will count．The ISU won't finally approve the new system until it meets in June but already UK Sport．The British Government's sports body has expressed reservations．"I remain to be convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for", says Jerry Bingham, UK Sport's head of ethics (倫理).

A random system can still be manipulated, says Mark Dixon, a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London．"The score of one or two judges who have been nobbled(受到賄賂) may still be in the seven selected．"

Many other sports that have judges, including diving, gymnastics, and synchronizdd swimming have a system that discards the highest and lowest scores．If a judge was under pressure to favour a particular team, they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team, so their scores wouldn't count．It works for diving, says Jeff Cook, a member of the international government body's technical committee．"If you remove those at the top andbottom you're left with those in the middle, so you're getting a reasonable average．"

Since the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still further．Two separate panels of judges score different rounds of diving during top competitions．Neither panel knows the scores given by the other．"We have done this to head off any suggestion of bias．"says Cook.

Bingham urged the ISU to consider other options．"This should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with the problem of adjudicating (裁定 ) on matter of style and presentation" he says.

Who won the gold medal in the Paris figure-skating event____?

A．The Russian pair

B．The Canadian pair.

C．Both the Russian pair and the Canadian pair.

D．The French pair.

37、 According to the new rules proposed by the ISU, which of the following is right____?

A．The number of judges will be doubled.

B．Only half of the judges will score.

C．Only some selected judges will score.

D．Only half of the scores will count.

38、 What does Jerry Bingham express by saying "1 remain to be convinced"____?

A．His anger.

B．His criticism.

C．His agreement．

D．His doubt.

39、 The attitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISU can be best described as____

A．indifferent

B．reserved

C．enthusiastic

D．positive

40、Which of the following is NOT true of the scoring system for diving____

A．It is more biased.

B．It is more reasonable.

C．It is fairer．

D．It is tighter.

41、根據(jù)材料，回答41-46問(wèn)題。

Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer

Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation dietprolongs the life of many animals．Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been ableto extend the lifespan (壽命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's (嚙齒動(dòng)物) increase of fat in specific cells． This suggests that thinness -- and not necessarily diet --promotes long life in "calorie (卡路里) restricted" animals．

"It's very cool work． " says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco． "These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer． It's like heaven."Calorie restrition dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents． Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet．

But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life． One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells． But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin．

To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰島素) receptor (受體) gene in lab mice -- but only in their fat cells． "Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat," explains Kahn．

This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects． By three months of age, Kahn, thoses modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight． In addition, their lifespan increased． The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days． After three years, all the control mice had died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive．

"That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial," says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging． But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals． "It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life," he points out, "and that would be very interesting． "

Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by____

A．offering them less food

B．giving them a balanced diet

C．disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells

D．preventing them growing larger

42、According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from takingin fewer calories partly because____

A．humans, worms and rodents are different

B．most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet

C．the effect is not known

D．genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans

43、 What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply____?

A．People like to lose weight, but they do not like to eat less．

B．People want to go to heaven, but they do not want to die

C．Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight．

D．Mice enjoy losing weight．

44、 The average modified mouse lived____

A．3 years

B．753 days

C．More than 3 years

D．887 days

45、What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life____?

A．It remains to be studied．

B．It has already been discovered．

C．Eating more leads to long life．

D．Eating less leads to long life．

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