五、用作補(bǔ)語

動詞不定式作補(bǔ)語時，在主動語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)賓語，在被動語態(tài)句里補(bǔ)主語，句子的賓語或主語是不定式動作的邏輯執(zhí)行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的賓語或主語就是邏輯承受者。

1.在主、被動語態(tài)句里用帶to的動詞不定式作補(bǔ)語的動詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

1) I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.

2) Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

3) Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.

2.動詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，在主動語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動語態(tài)句里帶to時多數(shù)動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽”：hear, listen to，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：

1) This picture makes me feel tense!

2) Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.

3.help后接動詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，to可帶可不帶。一般說來，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動語態(tài)句里，或者用不定式的否定式作補(bǔ)語時要帶to。如：

1)... they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.

2) Using email English helps you write quickly.

4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接帶to的動詞不定式作主語的補(bǔ)語。如：

1) He doesn’t seem to have many friends

2) Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.

六、用作狀語

1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：

1) In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.

2) A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question.

to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的狀語，置句末時都可以用，置句首時只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，in order to do不引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。

2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：

1) My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.

2) On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.

3.結(jié)果狀語，多見于“too...to”，“enough to...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：

1) Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?

2) The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.

4.有些動詞不定式作狀語，常說明前面形容詞的性質(zhì)和特性。動詞不定式與句子的主語有邏輯的動賓關(guān)系。動詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主動式表被動意義。

... the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.

這類句子中的動詞不定式可改為主語。

5.獨(dú)立動詞不定式多用作插入語，表示說話人的心理狀態(tài)或?qū)κ虑榈目捶�。如�?/p>

1) I’d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.

2) To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.

七、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說明不定式動作的特性，不說明人的特性。前面如果是名詞用for。如：

1. It’s also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening.

2. Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.

八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語

動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what, which, who或疑問副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：

1.用作句子的成分。

1)I don’t know what to try next. (p.49)(作賓語)

2) Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語)

2.單獨(dú)使用時相當(dāng)于一個特殊疑問句。

1) What to do next? (=What will we / you do next?)

2) Why go there? (=Why do we / you go there?)

九、動詞不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：

1. Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.(p.8)

2. His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.

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