Passage Three 
Many are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature.
Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology, energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that leadto smarter and more efficient homes, buildings and industrial plants.
Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (傳感器) networks by making them difficult and expensive to install and maintain. Batterypowered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.
The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a tree batteryfree wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment. To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, GreenPeak has developed an ultralowpower communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing onboard power management circuits and
computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a batteryfree environment.
Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, will enable us to better control our lives, homes and environment, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer, and cleaner environment.
43. By“human intervention”(Paragraph 2), the author refers to ________.
A. the reduction of great energy waste in the environment
B. the grasping of straightforward opportunities available
C. acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room
D. the adoption of smart sensing and network technology
44. Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they__________.
A. have to be replaced from time to time
B. contain metals that pollute the environment
C. require automatic recharging
D. are difficult and costly to maintain
45. Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that______.
A. there is energy in the environment to be utilized
B. the cost of using them has been drastically reduced
C. modem data communication consumes little energy
D. their maintenance has been greatly simplified
46. According to the passage, GreenPeak ___________.
A. is the first company to install wireless sensor networks
B. promotes the application of wireless sensor networks
C. supplies batteries operating on harvested energy
D. benefits handsomely from communication technology
47. The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the ____________.
A. replacement of batteries in harvesters
B. monitoring of energy harvested from the environment
C. elimination of batteries in sensor networks
D. impact of sensor networks on power supply
48. Wireless sensor networks promise to ___________.
A. bring businesses high profits
B. further develop the sensing technology
C. turn motion into a major source of energy
D. improve the daily lives of people worldwide
Passage Four 
If you haven't heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you've probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all. 
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about twothirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurrifig more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (瑣事) and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver's rage, do everything possible to get away from theother driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
49. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that ______________.
A. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings
B. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months
C. one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid them
D. the media coined the term "Road Rage" only a few months ago
50. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year______.
A. drunk driving remained the No. 1 killer on the highways
B. more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk driving
C. two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive driving
D. 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving
51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?
A. Increasing number of cars.  B. Drivers' stress and anxiety.
C. Overcrowded roads.       D. Rush hour traffic.
52. The word “spell” in Paragraph 3 means“______________”.
A. speak      B. cause   C. describe    D. spare
53. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?
A. Talking while driving.      B. Driving fast.
C. Yelling at another driver.   D. Sounding the horn when passing.
54. The last paragraph is intended to ____________.
A. tell people how to cope with Road Rage
B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be
C. tell people how to control themselves when angry
D. warn people against eye contact with another driver
Passage Five 
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience.
Aware of the“Clever Hans” effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searches for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr Lit found, they do. 
Dr Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search areas might contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any “detections” made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signalled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animalswho responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying “wolf” at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might, If a handler, for example, unconsciously“profiled” people being sniffed by a drugor explosivedetecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travellers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.
55. What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?
A. He was as clever as people claimed.
B. He was really good at counting.
C. He could understand human language.
D. He merely responded to human signals.
56. Lisa Lit and her colleagues ___________.
A. questioned the“Clever Hans” effect
B. discovered the“Clever Hans” effect
C. confirmed the “Clever Hans”effect
D. rejected the“Clever Hans”effect
57. The dog handlers learned before the searches that __________.
A. each search area contained three target scents
B. there was actually no target scent in the search area
C. some target scents may be labelled with a special mark
D. their dogs were expected to f'md the scents of red paper
58. What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr. Lit?
A. The location of the false alerts.
B. The regularity of the false alerts.
C. The number of the false alerts.
D. The timing of the false alerts.
59. It can be concluded from the experiment that ___________.
A. dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogs
B. dogs may act in response to their handlers' bodily signals
C. the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to success
D. welltrained
dogs can better understand their handlers' signals
60. The author thinks that Dr. Lit's findings _____________.
A. should raise our concern in real life
B. may not be useful in real situations
C. should be backed up by further evidence
D. will be widely applied in the near future