2015年10月在職聯(lián)考將于一個(gè)月后到來(lái)，也就說(shuō)考生們還有一個(gè)月的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，希望考生們抓緊時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)。為了幫助考生順利完成備考工作，提高備考效率。唯學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為考生們準(zhǔn)備了2015在職MPA英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)之一致，以供各位考生參考。

一、代詞一致

由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also連接的詞，如果數(shù)和性是一致的，就用其相應(yīng)的代詞;如果性和數(shù)不一致，代詞與其臨近的名詞保持一致。

【例如】

Neither he nor she wants to visit her uncle.

Not only my mother but also I care a lot about my father.

each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, somebody等修飾主語(yǔ)或作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，相應(yīng)的代詞用單數(shù)。

【例如】

Everybody talked at the top of his voice.

Everything is ready for the picnic, isn’t it?

二、動(dòng)賓一致

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，用于賓語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)使用它們的賓格。能夠用做賓語(yǔ)的詞類中只有人稱代詞有特別的賓格形式，其他詞類如名詞原形即可用于賓格，無(wú)須變化。詞與詞之間的固定搭配屬于英語(yǔ)的慣用法。一些動(dòng)詞與它們用于賓語(yǔ)的名詞之間也存在固定搭配現(xiàn)象。

【例如】

to acquire knowledge 獲得知識(shí)

to get a job 獲得工作

to obtain a position　獲得工作(語(yǔ)氣較莊重)

to achieve success 獲得成功

to gain reputation 獲得聲譽(yù)

to attain one’s end 達(dá)到目的

to do sb a favor　請(qǐng)幫忙

這類慣用法沒(méi)有太多的章法可循,只有在平時(shí)的閱讀中多看，多記。

三、集合名詞的主謂一致

集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂一致關(guān)系是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。對(duì)此類問(wèn)題我們可以從"數(shù)"的角度分為四類。

1)單數(shù)-復(fù)數(shù)型。凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類。如：a class-classes; a family-families; a government-governments; an army-armies; a people-peoples; a group-groups; a crowd-crowds; a crew-crews等。這類集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性，即當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體或多個(gè)整體來(lái)看待。屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

【例如】

A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.

The government has decided to pass the bill.

There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.

There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.

但應(yīng)注意，這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為"單復(fù)同形型"中。

2)單數(shù)型。這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體，即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi)，所以只有單數(shù)形式。如作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。這類名詞常見的有：humanity, mankind, proletariat等。

【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.

3)復(fù)數(shù)型。這類集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的，就是說(shuō)它們只有單數(shù)形式，但表達(dá)的都是復(fù)數(shù)概念。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是集體中的個(gè)體性。這類名詞有：police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等。它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

【例如】The police have caught the murder.

Our personnel are very highly trained.

The vermin are very dangerous.

4)單復(fù)同形型。這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞均可，有時(shí)意義區(qū)別不大。

【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.

The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.

The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.

這類集合名詞常見的有：class, family, team, crew, board, herd, committee, party, jury, enemy, audience等。

根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的心理意向若把這個(gè)集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個(gè)整體，就認(rèn)為是單數(shù)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個(gè)個(gè)體的話，就認(rèn)為其為復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

試比較：The football team is playing well.

那個(gè)足球隊(duì)打得非常漂亮。

The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea.

足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡，然后來(lái)這里吃茶點(diǎn)。

The family is a very happy one.

那個(gè)家庭是一個(gè)非常幸福的家庭。

That family are very pleased about the news of William’s success.

全家人對(duì)威廉的成功都感到很高興。

四、時(shí)態(tài)一致

1)并列謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)一致。

【例如】Yesterday I went shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.

The soldier looked at him, exchanged glances with his comrade and took out the gun.

2)主從復(fù)合句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。

a)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按情況而定。

【例如】

I wonder what will happen tomorrow.

I wonder what happened to him yesterday.

I wonder what is happening now outside.

b)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

【例如】

He told me he made a big mistake.

He told me he would go to Beijing the next day.

He told he had finished his task.

The teacher told students that the earth moves around the sun.(客觀真理)

3)定語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句影響。

【例如】

The university where she is studying was founded in 1950.

You now speak English better than you spoke it last year.

4)時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

【例如】

We will cancel our trip if it rains tomorrow.

I will go to visit the Summer Palace as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

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