2021年在職研究生考研英語一考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，為了讓大家及時了解考試情況，本文由老師為大家整理了2021年考研英語一真題及答案以供大家核對。
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Its not difficult to set targets for staff . It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and youll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course ! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently ascyclists. Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense oftime.
Thereisanother 12 :peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.
Haveyou 13 thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?Tailwinds?
Ofcoursenot!Airlines have simply changed the timea 14 is meant to take. A one-hour
fight is now ballad as a two-hourflight.
The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.
Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything Can be done fasterand
madecheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negativeconsequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 theobjective.
| 1. [A] therefore | [B] however | [C] agai | [D] moreover |
| 2 .[A] Emphasize | [B] Identify | [C] Asse | [D] Explai |
| 3. [A] nearly | [B] curiously | [C] eagerly | [D] quickly |
| 4. [A] claim | [B] prove | [C] check | [D] recall |
| 5. [A] threatened | [B] ignored | [C] mocked | [D] blamed |
| 6. [A] punctuality | [B] hospitality | [C] competitio | [D] innovatio |
| 7. [A] Ye | [B] So | [C] Beside | [D] Still |
| 8. [A] hired | [B] trained | [C] rewarded | [D] grouped |
| 9. [A] only | [B] rather | [C] once | [D] also |
| 10. [A] comfort | [B]revenue | [C] efficiency | [D] security |
| 11. [A] friendly | [B] quiet | [C] cautiou | [D] diligent |
| 12. [A] purpose | [B] problem | [C] prejudice | [D] policy |
| 13. [A] reported | [B] revealed | [C] admitted | [D] noticed |
| 14. [A] break | [B] trip | [C] departure | [D] transfer |
| 15. [A] moral | [B] background | [C] style | [D] form |
| 16. [A] interpret | [B] criticize | [C] sacrifice | [D] tolerate |
| 17. [A] task | [B]secret | [C] product | [D] cast |
| 18. [A] leading to | [B] calling for | [C] relating to | [D] accounting for |
| 19. [A] specify | [B] predict | [C] restore | [D] create |
| 20. [A] modify | [B]review | [C] present | [D]achieve |
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